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Published: 2026-03-29

Keywords:Liposomes, Liposomal composition, Phospholipids, Cholesterol, Sterols.

ABSTRACT

Liposomes are versatile nanoscale vesicular systems mainly made of phospholipid bilayers. They can hold both water-soluble and fat-soluble drugs, making them promising carriers for modern drug delivery. The makeup of liposomes, especially the type and amount of phospholipids, cholesterol, surfactants, and other fats, is key. It affects their physical and chemical properties, stability, how much drug they can carry, and their therapeutic effectiveness. This review looks at different liposomal compositions, focusing on the impact of natural and synthetic lipids, the role of cholesterol in membrane stiffness and permeability, and how surfactants and steroids affect liposomal flexibility and drug encapsulation. It also covers how the ratio of phospholipids to cholesterol influences drug release rates and the liposomes' structural stability. The various applications of liposomal formulations in medication delivery, cancer treatment, vaccinations, and gene transfer are summarized. Comprehending these compositional factors is crucial for the creation of efficient, stable, and biocompatible liposomal systems appropriate for targeted and regulated drug administration.